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| trans_band = S band (low gain antenna) X band (high gain antenna) | trans_bandwidth = from 7.8 bit/s (S band) up to 91 kbit/s (X band) | instruments_list = }} ''Rosetta'' is a space probe built by the European Space Agency launched on 2 March 2004. Along with ''Philae'', its lander module, ''Rosetta'' is performing a detailed study of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P). On 6 August 2014, the spacecraft reached the comet and performed a series of manoeuvres to be captured in its orbit. On 12 November, the lander module performed the first successful landing on a comet.〔 , the mission continues to return data from the spacecraft in orbit and from the lander in the comet's surface. During its journey to the comet, the spacecraft flew by Mars and the asteroids 21 Lutetia and 2867 Šteins.〔 The probe is named after the Rosetta Stone, a stele of Egyptian origin featuring a decree in three scripts. The lander is named after the Philae obelisk, which bears a bilingual Greek and Egyptian hieroglyphic inscription. A comparison of its hieroglyphs with those on the Rosetta Stone catalysed the deciphering of the Egyptian writing system. Similarly, it is hoped that these spacecraft will result in better understanding of comets and the early Solar System. In a more direct analogy to its namesake, the ''Rosetta'' spacecraft also carries a micro-etched nickel alloy Rosetta disc donated by the Long Now Foundation inscribed with 13,000 pages of text in 1200 languages. == Mission overview == ''Rosetta'' was launched on 2 March 2004 from the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana on an Ariane 5 rocket and reached Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko on 6 August 2014,〔 becoming the first spacecraft to orbit a comet. (Previous missions had conducted successful flybys of seven other comets). It is one of ESA's Horizon 2000 cornerstone missions. The spacecraft consists of the ''Rosetta'' orbiter, which features 12 instruments, and the ''Philae'' lander, with nine additional instruments. The ''Rosetta'' mission will orbit Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko for 17 months and is designed to complete the most detailed study of a comet ever attempted. The spacecraft is controlled from the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC), in Darmstadt, Germany. The planning for the operation of the scientific payload, together with the data retrieval, calibration, archiving and distribution, is performed from the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), in Villanueva de la Cañada, near Madrid, Spain. It has been estimated that in the decade preceding 2014, some 2,000 people assisted in the mission in some capacity.〔 In 2007, ''Rosetta'' made a Mars gravity assist (flyby) on its way to Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko. The spacecraft also performed two asteroid flybys. The craft completed its flyby of asteroid 2867 Šteins in September 2008 and of 21 Lutetia in July 2010. Later, on 20 January 2014, ''Rosetta'' was taken out of a 31-month hibernation mode as it approached Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko. ''Rosettas ''Philae'' lander successfully made the first soft landing on a comet nucleus when it touched down on Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko on 12 November 2014. Astrophysicist Elizabeth Pearson said that although the future of the lander ''Philae'' is uncertain, ''Rosetta'' is the workhorse of the mission and its work will carry on. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rosetta (spacecraft)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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